| Test | Test Sample | Values Indicating a More Favorable Prognosis |
|---|---|---|
| β2M level | Blood | Under 3.5 mg/mL |
| Albumin level | Blood | At least 3.5 g/dL |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level | Blood | Age 60 or under: 100–190 U/L Age over 60: 110–210 U/L |
| Serum free light chain assay | Blood | Free light chain ratio (MGUS): 0.26–1.65 Asymptomatic myeloma: 0.125–8.0 Symptomatic myeloma: 0.03–32 |
| Chromosome analysis (cytogenetic testing by either karyotyping or FISH) | Bone marrow | Absence of abnormalities |
| Gene expression profiling | Bone marrow | Personalized risk score |
